1) Hold a master's degree in science (or equivalent) with a minimum average of 75% (B+);
2) Demonstrate aptitude for research either through completion of a master's degree, or the writing of research reports, or abstracts or other documents demonstrating research skills;
3) Provide at least two confidential letters of recommendation from professors who have known the applicant and are familiar with their work;
4) Provide a statement of purpose indicating their academic interests, career goals and other factors relevant to their choice of research area;
5) Identify at least one professor who is willing and available to act as thesis supervisor;
6) Be proficient (understand, speak and write) in English. Most of the courses in these programs are offered in English. Research activities can be conducted either in English, French or both, depending on the language used by the professor and the members of his or her research group.